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  4. Steel Pipe & Tubing - All You Need to Kn...

Steel Pipe & Tubing - All You Need to Know

Steel Pipe & Tubing seem similar at first blush and in fact they share many characteristics but they also have some important

Steel Pipe & Tubing seem similar at first blush and in fact they share many characteristics but they also have some important differences.

Definitions:

Steel Tubing is a hollow steel shape intended for structural purposes and made from carbon, stainless, or galvanized steel further divided as:
Mechanical Tubing is used in low stress applications such as fences, kitchens, restaurants, hospitals, solar panels and made with wall thicknesses up to 10 gauge.
Structural Tubing is for high stress structural application like bridges, buildings, roll cages, and underwater platforms with wall thickness from 3/16" and up. It is often referred to as Hollow Structural Sections or just the acronym HSS.

Pipe is a hollow structure that is intended to carry material such as liquids, gasses, or even solids.  Its wall thickness is described by its Schedule and it is often broken down by type using the method of manufacturing it, either ERW or Seamless

How it's made:

Both Tubing and Pipe are manufactured by the first two methods below.  The third is reserved for Tubing only.
Electric Resistance Welded, often abbreviated as ERW, is a process that uses specific machinery to shape the pipe and tubing.  A continuous steel sheet is unwound from a coil and shaped using contoured rollers, forcing the edges together under pressure.  These edges are then welded together by heating the material to over 2,000 degrees.  After welding, the pipe or tubing is cut into the exact size needed.
Seamless Pipe (and tubing) is made by extruding a steel block or by drilling a solid steel bar. Next, the extrusion or the drilled steel bar is cold drawn through a dye to achieve the diameter and thickness needed. Because this process can cause mechanical hardening, sometimes the material is annealed and straightened as a final process. Seamless Pipe & Tubing is subdivided as:
Cold Drawn Seamless, or CDS, exhibits precise tolerances and a good surface finish.
Hot Finished Seamless, or HFS, has less critical tolerances and somewhat scaly finish and is not as strong as CDS.
For Drawn over Mandrel, or DOM tubing, the first stages of manufacturing are identical to ones used to make electric resistance welded tubing, but in the finishing stages the entire flash weld is taken out and the tube is cold drawn over a mandrel.  A mandrel is a round object against which material can be forged or shaped. The cold drawn process provides the tube with better dimensional tolerances, improved surface finish and the strongest weld strength achievable.

Pipe Sizes:

Pipe Size is specified with two non-dimensional numbers:
• Nominal Pipe Size (NPS) for diameter based on inches.
• Schedule Number (SCH to specify the wall thickness of the Pipe.
Both the size and schedule are required to accurately specify a particular piece of pipe.
Nominal Pipe Size (NPS) is the current North American Set of standard sizes for pipes used for high and low pressures and temperatures. A further discussion of this is here.
Iron Pipe Size (IPS) was an earlier standard than NPS to designate the size.  The size was the approximate inside diameter of the pipe in inches.  Each pipe had one thickness, named (STD) Standard or (STD.WT.) Standard Weight. There were only 3 wall thicknesses at the time.  In March 1927, the American Standards Association created a system that designated wall thickness based on smaller steps between sizes and introduced Nominal Pipe Size which replaced Iron Pipe Size.
Schedule Number for wall thickness ranges from SCH 5, 5S, 10, 10S, 20, 30, 40, 40S, 60, 80, 80S, 100, 120, 140, 160, STD, XS (Extra Strong) AND XXS (Double Extra Strong).

Pipe Grades:

A53 - ATSM A53 is a carbon steel alloy, used mostly for low pressure plumbing and comes in 3 types:
A53 Type F – Longitudinally furnace butt welded or continuous welded
A53 Type E – Longitudinally electric resistance welded (ERW)
A53 Type S - Seamless pipe
A106B – ASTM A 106 seamless pressure pipe, (ASME SA106 pipe) used in the construction of oil and gas refineries, power plants, and boilers.
A500B – Seamless carbon steel structural tubing in round, square and rectangular shapes.  (HSS)
API 5L – Standards for pipe suitable for use in conveying gas, water, and oil in the natural gas and oil industries.
X52 – Welded pipe, widely used in petroleum and natural gas industries.
4130 – An alloy pipe often used int he Oil and Gas industries.

Other Pipe and Tubing Terms of Interest:
BPE – Black Plain End Pipe
BTC – Black Threaded & Coupled
GPE – Galvanized Plain End
GTC – Galvanized Threaded & Coupled
TOE – Threaded One End

Typical Pipe Coatings & Finishes:

Galvanized – Covered with a protective zinc coating on steel to prevent the material from rusting.  The process can be hot-dip-galvanizing where the material is dipped in molten zinc or Electro-Galvanized where the steel sheet from which the pipe is made was galvanized during production by an electro-chemical reaction.
Uncoated – Uncoated Pipe
Black Coated – Coated with a dark colored iron-oxide
Red Primed – Red Oxide Primed used as a base coat for ferrous metals, gives iron and steel surfaces a layer of protection

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Product Categories

  • Carbon Seamless Steel pipe
    • API 5L GR.B seamless steel pipe
    • API 5L GR.X42 seamless steel pipe
    • API 5L GR X52 seamless steel pipe
    • API 5L GR.X56 seamless steel pipe
    • API 5L GR.X60 seamless steel pipe
    • API 5L GR.X65 seamless steel pipe
    • ASTM A106 GR.B Seamless steel pipe
    • ASTM A179 Boiler tube
    • ASTM A192 heat ex changer tube
    • ASTM A210/A210M Seamless bolier tube
    • ASTM A519 Seamless steel pipe
    • EN10210 Seamless steel pipe
    • EN10216 Structural Steel Pipe
    • DIN 2391 ST52 seamless steel pipe
    • DIN 1629 ST37 Structural Steel Pipe
    • ASTM A333 Grade.3 seamless pipe for Low-Temperature
    • ASTM A333 Grade.6 seamless pipe for Low-Temperature
  • Carbon Welded Steel Pipe
    • API 5L GR.B ERW steel pipe for liquid transportation
    • ASTM A53 GR.B ERW WELDED STEEL PIPE
    • API 5L GR.X42 ERW steel pipe
    • API 5L GR.52 ERW steel pipe
    • API 5L GR.X56 ERW steel pipe
    • API 5L GR.X60 ERW steel pipe
    • SAN657-3 ERW Structural STEEL PIPE
  • LSAW steel pipe
    • API 5L PSL1 /PSL2 LSAW steel pipe
    • API 5L GR.B LSAW steel pipe
    • API 5L GR.X42 LSAW steel pipe
    • API 5L GR.52 LSAW steel pipe
    • API 5L GR.X56 LSAW steel pipe
    • API 5L GR.X60 LSAW steel pipe
    • API 5L GR.X65 LSAW steel pipe
    • ASTM A53 LSAW steel pipe
    • ASTM A252 LSAW steel pipe
    • ASTM A671 LSAW steel pipe
    • ASTM A672 LSAW steel pipe
    • ASTM A572 LSAW steel pipe
    • EN10219-2 LSAW steel pipe
  • Spiral Steel Pipe
    • API 5L PSL1/PSL2 Spiral steel pipe
    • API 5L GR.B Spiral steel pipe
    • API 5L GR.X42 Spiral steel pipe
    • API 5L GR.X46 Spiral steel pipe
    • API 5L GR.52 Spiral steel pipe
    • API 5L GR.X56 Spiral steel pipe
    • API 5L GR.X60 Spiral steel pipe
    • API 5L GR.X65 Spiral steel pipe
    • Low pressure liquid transportation steel pipe
    • Pile pipe
    • ASTM A53 GR.B Spiral steel pipe
    • ASTM A252 GR.2/GR.3 spiral steel pipe
    • EN10219-2 Spiral Steel pipe
    • ASTM A572 GR50/GR.60 spiral steel pipe
  • Structural Steel Hollow Sections
    • Scaffolding Pipes & Tubes
    • ASTM A500 Rectangular steel tube
    • ASTM A500 Square Steel tube
    • ASTM A500 Structural Steel Hollow sections
    • AS1163 Rectangular Hollow sections( RHS)
    • AS1163 Structural Steel Hollow Sections
    • BS1387 ERW STRUCTUAL STEEL PIPE
    • JIS 3452 ERW STRUCTUAL STEEL PIPE
    • AS1163 ERW STRUCTUAL STEEL PIPE
  • Alloy Steel tube
    • ASTM A 213 T5 Alloy Steel Seamless tubes
    • ASTM A213 T9 Alloy Steel Seamless tubes
    • ASTM A213 T11 Alloy Steel Seamless tubes
    • ASTM A213 T22 Alloy Steel Seamless tubes
    • ASTM A 213 T91 Alloy Steel Seamless tubes
    • ASTM A335 P9 Alloy Steel Seamless tubes
    • ASTM A335 P11 Alloy Steel Seamless tubes
    • ASTM A335 P91 Alloy Steel Seamless tubes
    • ASTM A 519 4140 seamless steel tubes
    • ASTM A 519 4145 seamless steel tubes
    • ASTM A 519 4130 seamless steel tubes
    • ASTM A 519 1026 seamless steel tubes
    • ASTM A 519 1045 seamless steel tubes
    • ASTM A 519 1020 seamless steel tubes
  • Stainless Steel pipe
    • ASTM A 312 304 Stainless Steel tubes
    • ASTM A 312 304L Stainless Steel tubes
    • ASTM A 312 310S Stainless Steel tubes
    • ASTM A 312 316 Stainless Steel tubes
    • ASTM A 312 316L Stainless Steel tubes
    • ASTM A 312 316Ti Stainless Steel tubes
    • ASTM A 312 317 Stainless Steel tubes
    • ASTM A 312 317L Stainless Steel tubes
    • ASTM A 312 347 Stainless Steel tubes
    • ASTM A 312 347H Stainless Steel tubes
    • ASTM A 312 321 Stainless Steel tubes
    • ASTM A 312 410 Stainless Steel tubes
    • ASTM B673, B677, B674 904L Stainless Steel tubes
    • ASTM A790 Duplex Steel S31803 tubes
    • ASTM A790 Duplex Steel S32205 tubes
  • Coating pipe
    • Galvanized Steel pipe
    • 3LPE coating steel pipe
    • 3LPP coating steel pipe
    • FBE Coating steel pipe
    • INTERZONE 954 epoxy Coating steel pipe
    • Z245.20 series Epoxy Coating steel pipe
  • Casing and Tubing
    • API 5CT K55 Casing
    • API 5CT J55 Casing and Tubing
    • API 5CT L80 Casing and Tubing
    • API 5CT N80 Casing and Tubing
    • API 5CT T95 Casing and Tubing
    • API 5CT P110 Casing and Tubing
    • API 5CT Q125 Casing and Tubing
    • API 5CT Couplings
  • Pipe fittings & flanges
    • Flanges
    • Blind flange
    • welded neck flange
    • Slip-on flange
    • lap joint flange
    • Threaded flange
    • square flange
    • Elbow
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    • Reducer
    • Bends
    • cap
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    • Stub end
  • Steel fabrication
  • Steel Plates & Sheets
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    • Structural Steel
    • Heat Resistant Steel
    • Pressure Vessel Steel
    • HIC Resistant Steel

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